Botany

Botany of Tophill Low

Originally surveyed in 1989 by East Yorkshire Botany Club with additions including 2012 surveys by EYBC and the Yorkshire Naturalist’s Union

Compiled by Alan Marshall, additions by Richard Hampshire

RANUNCULACEAE

Ranunculus repens                                                 Creeping Buttercup

R. acris                                                                    Meadow Buttercup

R. bulbosus                                                             Bulbous Buttercup

R. scleratus                                                             Celery Lvd Buttercup

R. ficaria                                                                 Lesser Celendine

R. lingua                                                                  Greater Spearwort

Caltha palustris                                                       Marsh Marigold

R. aquatilis                                                              Common Water Crowfoot

R. trichophyllus                                                       Thread Leaved Water Crowfoot

Thalictrum flavum                                                  Common meadow Rue

 

HIPPURIDACEAE

Hippuris  vulgaris                                                    Mare’s Tail

HALORAGIDACEAE

Myriophyllum spicatum                                          Spiked Water-Milfoil

PAPAVERACEAE

Papaver rhoeas                                                       Common poppy

Papaver dubium                                                      Long-headed / opium poppy

BRASSICACEAE Was called Cruciferae

Brassica napus                                                        Rape

Sinapsis arvensis                                                    Charlock

Sisymbrium officinale                                            Hedge Mustard

Raphanus raphanistrum                                         Wild Radish

Barbarea vulgaris                                                   Winter Cress

Hesperis matronalis                                               Dame’s Violet

Cardamine flexuosa                                                Wavy Bitter Cress

Cardamine hirsute                                                  Hairy Bitter Cress

C. pratensis                                                             Cuckoo Flower

Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum                              Water Cress

Rorippa palustris                                                    Marsh Yellow Cress

Allaria petiolata                                                      Garlic Mustard

Coronopus squamatus                                            Swine Cress

Capsella bursa-pastoris                                          Shepherd’s Purse

Armorciana rusticana                                             Horse Radish

RESEDACEAE

Reseda luteola                                                        Weld

LINACEAE

Linum catharticum                                                 Purging or Fairy Flax

HYPERICACEAE

Hypericum perforatum                                           Common St. John’s

H.perforatum X desetangsii)                                  Des Etangs’St John’s Wort

 (appears to be a back cross)

H. tetrapterum                                                       Square-stemmed St. John’s Wort

H. hirsutum                                                             Hairy St. John’s Wort

VIOLACEAE

Viola riviana                                                            Common Dog Violet

Viola reichenbechiana                                            Early Dog Violet

V. Arvensis                                                              Field Pansy

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Silene alba                                                              White Campion

Silene Dioica                                                           Red Campion

Silene X Hampeana                                               Hybrid Campion

Stellaria media                                                       Common Chickweed

S. graminea                                                            Lesser Stitchwort

Stellaria palustris                                                   Marsh Stitchwort

S. alsine                                                                  Bog Stitchwort

Cerastium fontanum                                              Common Mouse-ear Chickweed

Cerastium semidecandrum                                    Little Mouse-Ear Chickweed

C. glomeratum                                                        Sticky Mouse-ear Chkweed

C. arvense                                                               Field Mouse-ear Chckweed

Sagina procumbens                                               Procumbent Pearlwort

CHENOPODIACEAE

Atriplex patula                                                        Common Orache

A. hastate                                                               Halberd-leaved Orache

A. prostrata                                                             Spear-leaved Orache

Chenopodium album                                              Fat Hen

GERANIACEAE

Geranium. robertianum                                         Herb Robert

G. molle                                                                  Dove’s foot Crane’s bill

Geranium dissectum                                              Cut Leaved Crane’s bill

G. Pratense                                                             Meadow Crane’s bill

G. Sanguineum                                                       Bloody Crane’s bill

LEGUMINOSAE

Ulex europaeus                                                       Gorse

Trifolium pratense                                                  Red Clover

Trifolium repens                                                     White Clover

Trifolium campestre                                               Hop Trefoil

Trifolium dubium                                                    Lesser Trefoil

Vicia cracca                                                             Tufted Vetch

V. sepium                                                                Bush Vetch

V. sativa                                                                  Common Vetch

V. hirsute                                                                 Hairy Tare

Lathyrus pratensis                                                  Meadow Vetchling

Melilotus altissima                                                 Tall Melilot

Melilotus officinalis                                                Ribbed Melilot

Medicago lupulina                                                  Black Medic

Lotus corniculatus                                                   Common Birds-foot Trefoil

Lotus uliginosus                                                      Greater Birds-foot Trefoil

ROSACEAE

Sorbus aucuparia                                                    Rowan

Sorbus aria                                                              Whitebeam

Prunus avium                                                          Wild Cherry

Prunus domestica                                                   Blackthorn

Pyrus communis                                                     Wild Pear

Malus sylvestris                                                      Crab Apple

Crataegus monogyna                                              Hawthorn

C. laevigata                                                             Midland Hawthorn

Rosa arvensis                                                          Field Rose

Rosa canina                                                            Dog Rose

Rosa caesia ssp vosagiaca                                     Hairy Dog Rose

Rubus fruticosus                                                     Bramble Blackberry               

R. idaeus                                                                 Raspberry

P. reptans                                                                Creeping Cinquefoil

Potentilla anserina                                                 Silver Weed

Agrimonia eupatoria                                              Agrimony

Sanguisorba officinalis                                           Great Burnet

Filipendula ulmaria                                                 Meadow Sweet

Geum urbanum                                                      Wood Avens, Herb Bennet

CRASSULACEAE

Sedum acre                                                             Biting Stonecrop

GROSSULARIACEAE

Ribes nigrum                                                          Black Currant

ONAGRACEAE

Epilobium montanum                                             Broad Leaved Willow Herb   

E. roseum                                                                Pale or Small Flowered Willow Herb

Epilobium hirsutum                                               Great Hairy Willow Herb

E. parviflorum                                                         Hoary Willow Herb

E. palustre                                                               Marsh Willow Herb

E. ciliatum                                                               American Willow Herb

E. tetragonum                                                         Square-stalked Willow Herb

Chamerion angustifolium                                       Rosebay Willow Herb

 

Circaea lutetiana                                                    Enchanters Nightshade  

LYTHRACEAE

Lythrum salicaria                                                    Purple Loosestrife

URTICACEAE

Urtica dioica                                                           Common Nettle

Urtica urens                                                            Annual or Small Nettle

CUCURBITACEAE

Bryonia dioica                                                         White Bryony

 

TAXACEAE

Taxus baccata                                                         Yew

 

CUPRESSACEAE

Cupressocyparis leylandii                                       Lelandii Cypress

PINACEAE

Larix decidua                                                           Eurpean Larch

Picea abies                                                              Norway Spruce

Pinus sylvestris                                                       Scots Pine

Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia                                    Lodgepole Pine

SALICACEAE

Populus canescens                                                  Grey Poplar

Populus nigra ‘Italica’                                             Lombardy Poplar

Populus trichocarpa                                                Western Balsam Poplar

Salix fragilis                                                            Crack Willow

Salix caprea                                                            Goat Willow

Salix X sepulcralis ‘Chysocoma’                              Golden Weeping Willow

Salix viminalis                                                         Common Osier

BETULACEAE

Betula pendula                                                       Silver Birch

Alnus glutinosa                                                       Alder
 

Alnus cordata                                                          Italian Alder

Carpinus betulus                                                     Hornbeam

Corylus avellana                                                      Hazel

FAGACEAE

Fagus sylvatica                                                       Beech

Quercus petraea                                                     Sessile Oak

Quercus robur                                                         Pendunculate Oak

ULMACEAE

Ulmus Montana                                                      Wych Elm

PLATANACEAE

Platanus X hispanica                                               London Plane

 

AQUIFOLIACEAE

Ilex aquifolium                                                        Holly

 

ACERACEAE

Acer campestre                                                      Field Maple

Acer pseudoplatanus                                              Sycamore

Acer platanoides                                                     Norway Maple

 

HIPPOCASTANACEAE

Aesculus hippocastanum                                        Horse Chestnut

 

RHAMNACEAE

Frangula alnus                                                        Alder Buckthorn

TILIACEAE

Tilia platyphyllos                                                     Large Leaved Lime Tree

CORNACEAE

Thelycrania sanguinea                                            Dogwood

OLEACEAE

Fraxinus excelsior                                                   Ash

Ligustrum ovalifolium                                            Garden Privet

CELASTRACEAE

Euonymus europaeus                                             Spindle

 

ARALIACEAE

Hedera helix                                                           Ivy

EUPHORBIACEAE

Euphorbia peplus                                                    Petty Spurge

E. helioscopia                                                          Sun Spurge

 

UMBELLIFERAE (now called APIACEA)

Anthriscus sylvestris                                               Cow Parsley

Torillis japonica                                                      Upright Hedge Parsley

Anthriscum caucalis                                               Bur Chervil

Chaerophyllum temulentum                                  Rough Chervil

Conium maculatum                                                  Hemlock

Aegopodium podagraria                                         Ground Elder

Angelica sylvestris                                                  Angelica

Heracleum sphondyllium                                       Hogweed

Sium latifolium                                                       Greater Water Parsnip

Apium nodiflorum                                                  Fools Watercress

Hydrocotyle vulgaris                                               Marsh Pennywort

Daucus carota                                                         Wild Carrot

 

POLYGONACEAE

R. sanguineus                                                         Wood or Red Veined Dock

R. conglomerates                                                   Clustered or sharp Dock

R. obtusifolius                                                         Broad Leaved Dock

R. crispus                                                                 Curled Leaved Dock

R. longifolius                                                           Narrow Leaved Dock

R. hydrolapathum                                                   Great Water Dock

Rumex acetosa                                                       Common Sorrel

Polygonum aviculare                                              Knotgrass

P. amphibium                                                         Amphibious Bistort

Persicaria persicaria                                               Redshank or Persicaria

Persicaria lapathifolium                                         Pale Persicaria

P .bistorta                                                               Bistort, Snake Root

P. convolvulus                                                         Black Bindweed

PRIMULACEAE

Primula vulgaris                                                      Primrose

Primula elatior                                                        Oxlip

P. veris                                                                    Cowslip

Hotonnia palustris                                                  Water Violet

Lysimachia vulgaris                                                 Yellow Loosestrife

Lysimachia nummularia                                         Creeping Jenny

Anagallis arvensis                                                   Scarlet Pimpernel

CONVOLVULACEAE

Convolvulus arvensis                                               Field Bind Weed

Calystegia sepium                                                  Hedge Bindweed

Calystegia silvatica                                                 Great Bindweed

SOLANACEAE

Solanum dulcamara                                               Bittersweet or Woody

SCROPHULARIACEAE

S. nodosa                                                                  Common Figwort

Scrophularia auriculata                                          Water Figwort

Digitalis purpurea                                                   Foxglove

Chaenorhinum minus                                             Small Toadflax

V. chamaedrys                                                        Germander Sp/Well

Veronica serpyllifolia                                              Thyme Lvd Speedwell

V. persica                                                                  Large Field Sp/Well

V. anagalis-aquatica                                               Water Speedwell

V. catenata                                                             Pink Water Speedwell

V. polita                                                                  Grey Field Speedwell

V. beccabunga                                                        Brooklime

Odontites vernus                                                    Red Bartsia

Rhinanthus minor                                                   Yellow Rattle

LAMIACEAE (was called Labiatae)

Mentha aquatica                                                    Water Mint

M. arvensis                                                             Corn Mint

Lycopus europaeus                                                 Gipsywort

L. purpureum                                                          Red Dead Nettle

Lamium arvensis                                                    White Dead Nettle

Galeopsis tetrahit                                                   Common Hemp Nettle

Galeopsis speciosa                                                 Large Flowered Hemp Nettle

Clinopodium vulgare                                               Wild Basil              

Scutellaria galericulata                                          Common Skull Cap

Glechoma hederacea                                             Ground Ivy

S. sylvatica                                                              Hedge Woundwort

Stachys palustris                                                     Marsh Woundwort

Prunella vulgaris                                                     Selfheal

BORAGINACEAE

M. scorpioides                                                        Water Forget-me-not

Myosotis sylvatica                                                  Wood Forget-me-not

M. arvensis                                                            Cmn or Field Forget-me-not

M. ramosissima                                                      Early Forget-me-not

M. laxa                                                                    Tufted Forget-me-not

Symphytum officinale                                            Common Comfrey

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago lanceolata                                               Ribwort Plantain

P. major                                                                  Broad leaved Plantain

CAMPANULACEA

Campanula trachelium                                           Nettle-leaved Bellflower

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Sambucus nigra                                                      Elder

Viburnum opulus                                                    Guelder Rose

Lonicera periclymenum                                          Honeysuckle

VALERIANACEAE

Valeriana officinalis                                              Common Valerian

V. dioica                                                                  Marsh Valerian

 

RUBIACEAE

G. mullugo                                                              Great Hedge Bedstraw

G. palustre                                                              Marsh Bedstraw

Galium  aparine                                                      Cleavers, Goose grass

G. Cruciata (now called Cruciata laevipes)         Crosswort

G. verum                                                                 Lady’s Bedstraw

Sheradia arvensis                                                   Field Madder

DIPSACACEAE

Dipsacus fullonum                                                  Wild Teasel

COMPOSITAE (Now called Asteraceae)

S. jacobea                                                               Common Ragwort

Senecio vulgaris                                                      Groundsel

Pulicaria dysenterica                                              Fleabane

Conyza canadensis                                                  Canadian Fleabane

Leucanthemum vulgare                                          Ox-eyed daisy

Bidens cernua                                                         Nodding Bur-marigold

Seeds - cernua left / tripartite right 

Bidens tripartite                                                     Trifid Bur-marigold

Bellis perennis                                                        Daisy

Tussilago farfara                                                    Coltsfoot

Petasites hybridus                                                  Butterbur 

Achillea millefolium                                               Yarrow

Achillea ptarmica                                                   Sneezewort

Eupatorium cannabinum                                        Hemp Agrimony

Tetraspermum inodorum                                       Scentless Mayweed

Matricaria recutita                                                 Scented Mayweed

Matricaria matricarioides (now M. discoidea)      Pineapple Mayweed

Artimissia vulgaris                                                  Mugwort

C. vulgaris                                                               Spear Thistle

C. palustre                                                               Marsh Thistle

Circium arvensis                                                     Creeping thistle

Carduus acanthoides                                              Welted Thistle

Carduus nutans                                                       Nodding Thistle

C. Nutans                                                                  Musk thistle

Centaurea nigra                                                      Black Knapweed

Arctium minus                                                        Lesser Burdock

Echinops sphaerocephalus                                     Globe Thistle

Taraxacum officinale                                              Dandelion

Tragapogon pratensis                                             Goat’s beard

Mycellis muralis                                                     Wall Lettuce

Lactuca serriola                                                      Prickly Lettuce

Hypochaeris radicata                                              Common Cat’s ear

Leontodon hispidus                                                 Rough Hawkbit

L. autumnalis                                                          Autumn Hawkbit

L. taraxacoides                                                        Lesser Hawkbit

Lapsana communis                                                 Nipplewort

Crepis capillaris                                                      Smooth Hawk’s beard

C. paludosa                                                             Marsh Hawk’s beard

Picris echioides                                                       Bristly Oxtongue

S. arvensis                                                               Perennial Sowthistle

S. oleraceus                                                            Smooth Sowthistle

Sonchus asper                                                         Prickly Sowthistle

 

ALISMATACEAE

Allisma Plantago-aquatica                                     Common Water Plantain

Sagittaria sagittifolia                                             Arrowhead
Male Flower                                                                 

Female Flower

 

BUTOMACEAE

Butomus umbellatus                                              Flowering Rush

LILLIACEAE

Polygonatum multiflorum                                      Common Solomon’s Seal

Hyacinthoides non-scriptus                                    Bluebell

Endymion hispanicus                                              Spanish Blue Bell

AMARYLLIDACAE

Narcissus                                                                Naturalised daffodil

Galanthus nivalis                                                    Snowdrop

IRIDACEAE

Iris pseudocorus                                                      Yellow Flag

ORCHIDACEAE

Listera ovata                                                           Common Twayblade

Anacamptis pyramidalis                                         Pyramidal Orchid

Ophrys apifera                                                        Bee Orchid

D. fuchsii                                                                 Common Spotted Orchid

Dactylorhiza praetermissa                                     Southern Marsh Orchid

D. incarnata                                                            Early Marsh-Orchid

Dactylorhiza purpurella                                          Northern Marsh Orchid

D. incarnata X D. fuchsii                                         Early Marsh X Cmn Spotted Orchids

D praetermissa X D fuchsii                                     Sthn Marsh X Cmn Spotted Orchids

CALLITRICHACEAE

Callitriche stagnalis                                                 Water Starwort

Callitriche platycarpa                                              Various-leaved Water Starwort

LEMNACEAE

Lemna minor                                                          Common Duckweed
 

HYDROCHARITACEAE

Elodes Canadensis                                                  Canadian Pondweed

POTAMOGETONACEAE

Potamogeton natans                                              Broad Lvd Pondweed

P. alpinus                                                                  Reddish Pondweed

JUNCACEAE

J. bufonius                                                               Toad Rush

J. articulatus                                                           Jointed Rush

J. acutiflorus                                                           Sharp Rush

Juncus inflexus                                                        Hard Rush

J. effusus                                                                 Soft Rush

J. conglomerates                                                    Compact Rush

J. subnodulosus                                                       Blunt Flowered Rush

J. filiformis                                                              Thread Rush

Luzula campestris                                                   Field Rush

Eleocharis palustris                                                Common Spike Rush

CYPERACEAE

C. otrubae                                                               False Fox Sedge

C. nigra                                                                    Common Sedge

C. dimissa                                                               Common Yellow Sedge

C. hirta                                                                    Hairy Sedge

Carex flacca                                                            Glaucous Sedge

C. panicea                                                               Carnation Grass Sedge

C. riparia                                                                 Greater Pond Sedge

C.acutiformis                                                          Lesser Pond Sedge

C. distiche                                                               Brown Sedge

C. remota                                                                Remote Sedge

C. dioica                                                                  Dioecious Sedge

SPARGANIACEAE

Sparganium erectum                                              Branched Bur-reed

S. emersum                                                            Unbranched Bur-reed

TYPHACEAE

Typha latifolia                                                         Reed Mace

Typha angustifolia                                                  Lesser Reed Mace

POACEA (Was called Graminea)

Agropyron caninum                                                Bearded Couch Grass

Agropyron repens                                                   Common Couch Grass

L. multiflorum                                                         Italian Rye Grass

Lolium perenne                                                       Perennial Rye Grass

Triticum aestivum                                                  Bread Wheat

Brachypodium pinnatum                                        Tor Grass (Heath False Brome)

Phleum pratense                                                    Timothy Grass

Alopecurus geniculatus                                          Marsh Foxtail Grass          

Alopecurus pratensis                                              Meadow Foxtail Grass

Festuca rubra                                                          Red Fescue Grass

Festuca pratensis                                                   Meadow Foxtail Grass

Anthoxanthum oderatum                                       Sweet Vernal Grass

Cynosurus cristatus                                                 Crested Dog’s tail

Agrostis stolonifera                                                 Creeping Bent Grass

A. capillaris                                                             Common Bent

Phalaris arundinacea                                              Reed Canary Grass

Deschampsia caespitosa                                        Tufted Hairgrass

Holcus lanatus                                                        Yorkshire Fog

Dactylis Glomerata                                                 Cocksfoot Grass

Poa annua                                                               Annual Meadow Grass

Poa nemoralis                                                         Wood Meadow Grass

Poa pratensis                                                          Smooth Stalked Meadow Grass

Poa trivialis                                                             Rough Meadow Grass

Glyceria fluitans                                                     Flote Grass (or Floating Sweet Grass)

Glyceria maxima                                                    Reed Sweet Grass

F. arundinacea                                                        Tall Fescue

Bromus ramosus                                                    Hairy Brome Grass

Anisantha sterilis  Bromus sterilis                         Barren Brome Grass

Phragmites australis                                              Common Reed

Arrhenatherum elatius                                           False Oat Grass

Trisetum flavescens                                               Yellow Oat-grass

DRYOPTERIS

D. felix-mas                                                            Male Fern

D. carthusiana                                                         Narrow Buckler Fern

Dryopteris dilitata                                                   Broad Buckler Fern

EQUISETACEAE

E. arvense                                                               Field  Horsetail

Equisetum fluviatile                                               Water Horsetail

E. palustre                                                               Marsh Horsetail

E. sylvaticum                                                           Wood Horsetail     
 

BRYOPHYTA